Tuesday, February 21, 2012

otomotif

FERRARI  formula 1 HISTORY



Scuderia Ferrari (pelafalan dalam bahasa Italia: [skudeˈria ferˈrari]) merupakan nama untuk Gestione Sportiva, salah satu divisi dari pabrikan mobil Ferrari yang bergerak di bidang balap mobil, khususnya Formula Satu. Selain dalam bidang itu, Scuderia Ferrari dan Ferrari Corse juga melayani kebutuhan para pelanggan untuk mobil kategori jalan raya. Scuderia Ferrari merupakan bahasa Italia untuk "Istal/Kandang Ferrari". Istilah dalam bahasa Inggris yang lebih terkenal adalah "Team Ferrari." Tim balap ini (beserta pabrikan mobil untuk kategori jalan rayanya) merupakan anak perusahaan dari FIAT Group yang juga membawahi klub sepak bola Juventus, dan pabrikan mobil Maserati.

Ferrari pertama kali berkompetisi di F1 pada musim 1948 dengan menggunakan mobil F1 pertama mereka, Tipo 125 F1. Hal ini membuat Ferrari menjadi tim tertua dan paling sukses yang berlaga di kompetisi jet darat. Pembalap mereka saat ini adalah Fernando Alonso[6][7] dan Felipe Massa. Masa jaya Ferrari adalah pada tahun 2000-2004 yang saat itu diperkuat oleh legenda hidup F1 asal Jerman, Michael "Schumi" Schumacher. Presiden Ferrari saat ini adalah Luca Cordero di Montezemolo, dengan team principal Stefano Domenicali. Sementara posisi direktur teknik tim dipegang oleh Pat Fry (sasis) dan Luca Marmorini (mesin) dibantu oleh Corrado Lanzone sebagai manajer produksi.[8] Tim ini dijuluki sebagai "tim kuda jingkrak", dan di Italia, tim ini sudah seperti agama, yaitu tak memandang bulu dari mana mereka berasal, apakah dari Roma, Milan, atau Turin, semua hanya satu tujuan: demi kemenangan Ferrar.

AWAL MULA

Scuderia Ferrari didirikan oleh Enzo Ferrari pada tanggal 1 Desember 1929 sebagai sponsor untuk beberapa pembalap amatir dalam berbagai balapan. Enzo sendiri, yang juga menjadi pembalap pada saat itu menggunakan mobil produksi Costruzioni Maccaniche Nazionali (CMN) dan Alfa Romeo sebagai alat balapannya. Ide pendirian tim Ferrari datang pada malam hari tanggal 16 November 1929 di kota Bologna, ketika Enzo saat itu bersantap malam bersama dua bersaudara Caniato (Augusto Caniato dan Alfredo Caniato), dan pembalap Mario Tadini. Mereka lantas memutuskan untuk membangun sebuah tim dengan mobil produksi Alfa Romeo. Enzo Ferrari lantas melanjutkan karier membalapnya dengan beragam kesuksesan sampai akhirnya putranya yang bernama Alfredo Ferrari (kemudian dikenal dengan nama Dino Ferrari) lahir pada tahun 1932. Pada tahun itu jugalah, tim Ferrari mencoba peruntungannya di ajang balapan besar dengan turun di ajang 24 Hours of Le Mans dengan mobil Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 Spiders yang berjumlah dua buah dan hasilnya cukup fantastis dengan raihan kemenangan 1-2.

Enzo Ferrari lantas menjadi manajer untuk beberapa pembalap dan juga menjadi pencari bibit-bibit baru pembalap muda dari kantornya di Viale Trento e Trieste, Modena, Italia, sampai 1938. Saat itu Alfa Romeo memutuskan untuk menarik Enzo sebagai manajer untuk divisi balapnya yang dinamakan Alfa Corse. Pada 1939 Enzo keluar dari Alfa sambil kemudian ia mendirikan perusahaan balapnya yang dinamakan Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari, dengan alat-alat bekas yang ia dapatkan dari perjanjian dirinya dengan Alfa dimana ia bisa mendapatkan sisa-sisa mobil Alfa Romeo yang tidak mengikuti balapan.

Selain menandatangani kontrak dengan Alfa, Ferrari juga bekerja sendiri untuk memperbesar tim balapnya, dimana Enzo lantas merancang the Tipo 815 (V8 1500cc) bersama Alberto Massimino, yang kemudian mobil ini dikenal sebagai mobil Ferrari pertama. Tetapi setelah Alberto Ascari dan Marchese Lotario Rangoni Machiavelli di Modena mengemudikan mobil tersebut dalam ajang 1940 Mille Miglia, Perang Dunia II memutus semua kegiatan balapan, dan mobil 815 terpaksa diistirahatkan. Ferrari lantas ganti haluan memproduksi alat-alat suku cadang mobil balap, dan pada 1943 Enzo memindahkan markasnya ke Maranello, dimana pada 1944 tempat tersebut sempat kejatuhan bom PD II.

Peraturan untuk Grand Prix World Championship berubah sejak perang usai. Dan hal ini membuat Ferrari harus membuat lagi mobil baru, yang kemudian dinamakan Tipo 125 (V12, 1500cc), yang kemudian berhasil memenangi beberapa balapan. Mobil ini memulai debut di GP Italia 1948 dengan pembalap Raymond Sommer, dan meraih kemenangan perdananya di Circuito di Garda bersama Giuseppe Farina.

                                                                 History of Formula 1
                                                                       1950


Officially, Ferrari debuted diajang FIA Formula One World Championship at the 1950 Monaco Grand Prix 125 F1 cars and drivers Alberto Ascari and Gigi Villoresi. [9] The company then replaces his car with a series of 275 F1, 340 F1 and 375 F1. Alfa Romeo dominated the 1950 F1 season, winning the race the whole series. Ferrari won the F1 race itself starts at the 1951 British Grand Prix with rider José González Froilán. [10] Ferrari also won the race in 1950 and 1951 Mille Miglia. Unfortunately, when it actually menabrakan Ascari car and make a local doctor was killed and led to Ferrari in DQ from the event.

After Alfa Romeo out of F1 in 1951 because of disagreements on Formula Two regulations, Ferrari introduced a new car called the Ferrari Tipo 500, which then dominated the 1952 season with the world champion for Ascari. In the season Ferrari reinforced by Nino Farina and Piero Taruffi. In 1953 Ascari won five races are forced to give up on the consistency of Juan Manuel Fangio in the Maserati.

Launch of World sportscar Championship in 1953 Enzo Ferrari made interested to come down in the race. He then launched the car V12 166 MM and 250 MM, 290 V12-powered cars, 340, and 375 MM, 315, 335, 410 S, the car four-cylinder 500, 625, 750, 860 series Monzas, and V6 cars 118 and 121 LM . With the potential power, dominating Ferrarui WSC by winning titles in 1953, 1954, 1956, 1957, and 1958.

In 1954, F1 made a new rule provided that the 2.5-liter engine. Ferrari Tipo 625 is lowered to offset the power of Fangio and the Maserati, and Mercedes-Benz W196 which fell in July. Ferrari won two races, the 1954 British GP with Jose Gonzalez [11] and the Spanish GP 1954 with Mike Hawthorn. [12] In the 1955 F1 season, Ferrari is only capable of winning the Monaco Grand Prix with the French rider, Maurice Trintignant. [13] In the 1955 season also, Ferrari have experienced the bitter because they were then forced to buy the chassis from the Lancia after the tragic death of Ascari. Juan Manuel Fangio, Peter Collins, and Eugenio Castellotti race with Lancia-Ferrari D50 and they are capable of winning the F1 championship 1956 season with a world title to Fangio.

1957 season, the constructors world championship was introduced, and unfortunately the season Ferrari was defeated by Vanwall. Fangio returned to Maserati. Lancia Ferrari still uses, and also failed to win a race. Driver Luigi Musso and Alfonso de Portago with Castellotti; Castellotti died when he was doing testing, and then Portago hit the audience in the Mille Miglia, killing 12 spectators. As a reward, Ferrari fines inadvertently caused the murder.

In the 1958 season, the designer Carlo Chiti and designed into a new car for the Ferrari 246 Ferrari called Dino (dedicated to the death of Enzo Ferrari's son). [14] The team retained drivers Collins lineup, Hawthorn, and Musso, Musso ironically killed in the French Grand Prix 1958, and Collins was killed in the 1958 German GP. Hawthorn then won the world title in 1958.

The next season, Ferrari brought Tony Brooks, Jean Behra, Phil Hill, Dan Gurney, and Cliff Allison. [15] But the team was not able to live a good season. Behra was fired after punching team manager Romolo he Tavoni. Brooks appear extraordinary in some races, but he lost the final race by Jack Brabham with the rear-engined Cooper cars.
[Edit] 1960-an

1960

 
1960 season runs with little optimism for Ferrari after failing in 1959. Ferrari maintains Phil Hill and Cliff Allison, and they also bring Wolfgang von Trips, and then Willy Mairesse when the current season and coupled with the arrival of Richie Ginther [16], who became the first Ferrari car tester rear-engined. Apesnya, Allison had an accident in a testing and the team once again failed to win a race too. A Ferrari is then able to win the 24 Hours of Le Mans, but even then with the help of two drivers that Paul Frere and Olivier Gendebien.

1961 season with the new regulations for the 1500 cm ³, Ferrari retain Hill, von Trips and Ginther, and launched the work of Chiti new car, the Ferrari 156 F2-based car in 1960 from a very dominant. The two Ferrari drivers Hill and Von Trips are competing for the world championships. Giancarlo Baghetti joined in mid-season, and menjai the only F1 driver to date are capable of winning the race in his debut race (ie at French GP 1961). [17] But at the end of the season, von Trips crashed at the Italian GP and was killed along with dozen tifosi. [18] Hill won the world title, Ferrari also won again at Le Mans with a combination of Phil Hill and Olivier Gendebien.

At the end of 1961, with the release of Carlo Chiti and manager Romolo Tavoni that make their own racing team, ATS, and then promote Mauro Ferrari Forghieri as race director and Eugenio Dragoni as team manager.

1962 season, Hill and Baghetti survive along with two new drivers that Ricardo Rodriguez and Lorenzo Bandini. The team used cars in 1961 because of Forghieri still busy straightening his new car design. The team again failed to win the race. But again wins at Le Mans with a combination of Hill and Gendebien.

Ferrari 156 cars and then run a light and small for the 1963 F1 season, this time is a combination of drivers Bandini, John Surtees, Willy Mairesse and Ludovico Scarfiotti. Surtees won the 1963 German GP, ​​with a severe accident that caused Mairesse unable to continue his racing career. Failed in F1, the other with at Le Mans, which Ferrari was again able to win the race Le Mans, this time with a combination of Bandini and Scarfiotti.
Lorenzo Bandini Ferrari at the 1966 German GP.

158 new models of cars and then come in mid-1963, and was developed for the 1964 season with a V8 engine work Bellei Angelo. This time Surtess and Bandini joined with debutant Pedro Rodriguez. Surtess won two races and Bandini one. Ferrari was slower than Jim Clark's Lotus, but very strong in terms of reliability, and ultimately deliver Surtess become world champion. The last two races in North America, Ferrari followed the race with the name Nart white and blue colors. In the event Le Mans, Ferrari back strong by winning Le Mans with drivers Jean Guichet and Nino Vaccarella.

1965 F1 season, Ferrari developed two types of engines, the V8 is the same as the previous year, and V12 are diperlombakan in the series final to face the 1966 season. Unfortunately they failed to win a race too, but at Le Mans, Ferrari returned victorious to become the champion six years in a row, and at the same time also be a last victory in the Champions Ferrari Le Mans 24 Hours.

In the spring of 1966, according to new regulations, Ferrari 312 Surtess's 3000cc engine is equipped with a V12. Meanwhile, Bandini raced in the Tasman Series 2.4 L V6. Surtess then managed to win the race in Belgium, but he disagreed with Eugenio Dragoni and then he was fired and replaced by Mike Parkes. On the other hand, Scarfiotti won the Italian Grand Prix race car 36-valve engine.

1967 season, Ferrari team fired Dragoni and replaced it with Franco Lini. Chris Amon also get to accompany Bandini. At the Monaco GP, Bandini severe accident, and he died several days later. Ferrari then keep the pair Mike Parkes and Scarfiotti, but Parkes had an accident at the Belgian GP and Scarfiotti who fear after witnessing the accident Parkes then decided to rest a while from the car racing arena.

In the spring of 1968, Jacky Ickx into the team and managed to bring the team to win the race in France and podium positions in several other races, and make it into the candidate list of the world champion, until he had an accident in Canada. Chris Amon led several races later that unfortunately he has always failed to win. [19] At the end of the season, manager Franco Lini quit and Ickx moved to Brabham team. In the summer of 1968, Ferrari announced that they will assimilate into the automotive group Fiat. In the 1969 season, Enzo was revealed that he felt difficulty in financing the cost of racing is more swollen. Although Ferrari was still competing full season. This time accompanied by Chris Amon and Pedro Rodriguez in the late Amon then chose to leave the team.

1970


In 1970, Ickx returned to Ferrari, and he won the race in Austria [20], Canada [21] [22] and Mexico [23], which puts it in second place in the drivers' standings.

The 1970s, a decade Ferrari sports car to compete in the arena. Beginning with the poor performance of Ferrari F1 cars in 1973, Enzo and then decide all matters in the development of Ferrari sports car event. At that moment, Enzo had actually made ​​the comments that he would pull out of F1 Ferrari, but the statement he later pull back.

After three years of failure and bad luck, Ferrari signed Niki Lauda in 1974, and a year later Lauda managed to become world champion with Ferrari 312T. In 1976, Lauda also came close to defending his world title if he had not involved a great accident at the German GP. [24] Carlos Reutemann signed to replace Lauda in a while, and Clay Regazzoni driving the other [25] [26], Ferrari and then decreased with three cars at the Italian GP [27] after Lauda returned. He then won his second title in 1977 before finally leave at the end of the season.

In 1978 the young Ferrari driver Gilles Villeneuve amplified (GV) to accompany Carlos Reutemann. Jody Scheckter came on Argentina GP Reutemann in 1979, and at the end of the season, Scheckter won the world title, the GV in the P2 championship.

1980


 Decade of the 1980s is a bad decade for the Ferrari team. Preceded the crash that killed GV in 1982 Belgian GP [28], and then followed by Didier Pironi [29] the great post-injury accident at the German GP practice round. [30] However, with four victories achieved by René Arnoux and Patrick Tambay in 1983 season Ferrari team finally managed to scoop up the constructors championship.

Earlier in the season 1982, the Ferrari Maranello headquarters to move the strategic side is very close to their test circuit, Fiorano.

On August 14, 1988, Enzo Ferrari died at the age of 90. After the death of Enzo, Ferrari FIAT became the ruler of the shares of 90%. A week after Enzo's death, Gerhard Berger and Michele Alboreto surprisingly managed to win the Italian GP [31], in the middle of the season was dominated by McLaren, seems to victory in Italy it's meant to Ferrari with an engine failure events for Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna who actually hit Jean-Louis Schlesser backmarker (Williams) as he led.

1990


Alain Prost in 1990 to race for Ferrari with Nigel Mansell. [32] Prost won five races, and the chance to win the world title had he not rammed Ayrton Senna at the Japanese GP. As a result of any failure to win the race in 1991, 1992 and 1993, Alain Prost frustrated and said that the Ferrari car is better than riding a truck [33], as a reward, Prost and then fired before the season-ending race in Adelaide. [34] Gerhard Berger and Jean Alesi entry for 1994 and 1995 seasons. Ferrari failure at five years of the early decades of the 1990s was because they insisted on wearing a V12 engine, while other teams have started using V10 season.

1996 season brought Ferrari the German star, Michael Schumacher, and afterwards came successively Ross Brawn, Rory Byrne [35], and Jean Todt who already handles Ferrari since the mid-season 1993. Four of them went on to become the savior Ferrari [36], with a great team delivering the ailing won three races in 1996 season. Even Schumacher also had entered the 1997 world champion candidate before eventually foundered after a car knocked over Jacques Villeneuve in the final race in Jerez, and then Schumacher was disqualified for dangerous actions. [37] [38] [39]

Ferrari and Schumacher 1998 season remain a serious contender for the world title, but again they failed in the last race held in Japan this time. In the 1999 season, Schumacher suffered a broken leg due to an accident at Silverstone. [40] His position was later replaced by Mika Salo. Eddie Irvine almost became world champion in 1999 before he again failed in the final race. [41] Even so, Ferrari went on to become world champion constructors in the summer of 1999.

2000


Ferrari waiting period for 21 years to win the drivers championship in the 2000 season finally paid off. Schumacher this time accompanied by Rubens Barrichello. Schumacher's rivals for the Mika Hakkinen of McLaren. Schumacher won his third world title in Japan when he beat Mika with a good pit strategy keys from Ross Brawn. His teammate, Barrichello was a lifesaver in some races for Schumacher, like when he finished third in Austria, and his first race victory in Germany.
2001 season, Ferrari is still strong, still retained her title by Schumacher and Barrichello P3 occupies the final standings of the drivers. History and in print by Schumacher at the Hungarian Grand Prix, when Schumacher signed up as the winner of the most wins record with 52 wins, breaking the previous record in the name of Alain Prost Championship with 51 victories.
2002 is a super year for Ferrari. They managed to win 15 of 17 races (11 for Schumacher, Barrichello 4 for). Even the title of world champion Schumacher came for quickly, because the current season six more series remaining, Schumacher was definitely a world champion in France. [42] But on the season's Ferrari team also must bear the shame. Team orders scandal at Austrian GP, ​​Ferrari fined 1 million dollars, and even Schumacher became the ridicule by the media and fans.
Begins the 2003 season with a bad start of the team [43] [44] [45], Schumacher rose in the fourth race in San Marino, at the same time, the mother Schumacher, Elizabeth died. Schumacher won the San Marino, and his victory was dedicated to his mother. Throughout the 2003 season, Schumacher's toughest opponent is Kimi Raikkonen. Even suppose Eddie Jordan / Giancarlo Fisichella did not protest against the race in Brazil and Rubens Barrichello did not win is predominantly in Japan, almost certainly will be a world champion Raikkonen.
2004 season is a repeat of the 2002 season, because the Ferrari was again won 15 of 18 races. They just lost in Monaco, Belgium, and Brazil. Michael Schumacher himself had sharpened his record to seven-times world champion. [46]
Menjapada year 2005 revolution for Ferrari. Due to failure to provide Bridgestone tires are good for Ferrari, Schumacher during the 2005 season seadaanya only able to demonstrate performance. He did manage to win in the U.S., but even then because of all the Michelin cars withdrew from the race. [47]
In 2006, the tire regulations are returned to the regulations of 2004 and earlier [48], Ferrari narrowly lost to Fernando Alonso and Renault. Schumacher could have won the world title, if only Ferrari engines do not explode in Japan. At the end of the season, Schumacher announced his retirement from F1, and its position at Ferrari's Kimi Raikkonen will be replaced by [49] [50] which will accompany Felipe Massa.
McLaren's civil war in 2007 between Fernando Alonso and Lewis Hamilton in a few races before the end of the season managed to put to good use by Kimi Raikkonen, who finally won the world title in final race at Brazil GP. Also in that season, Ferrari and McLaren had an argument about the F2007 car design pictures in the hands of Mike Coughlan of McLaren. [51] Investigated, it turns out both Mike Coughlan and Nigel Stepney [52] [53] of Ferrari tried to conspire. There are also suspected of third parties outside of Ferrari and McLaren are trying to muddy the waters, because in July 2007, Stepney and Coughlan was contacted by the Honda around the job site for the 2008 season. [54] As punishment, McLaren team must be willing to be disqualified from the constructors' championship the 2007 season [55] although Fernando Alonso and Lewis Hamilton is still allowed to compete for the title of world racer.
In the 2008 racing season appearance as the defending world champion Raikkonen worse, in the midst of great performance of Felipe Massa outstanding during 2008 in which he narrowly lost to Lewis Hamilton in final race in Brazil.
2009 season Ferrari had a bad back. Terrible accident that happened to Felipe Massa in Hungary caused it to be absent until the end of the season. He has been replaced by Luca Badoer and then Giancarlo Fisichella. Three days after the Singapore Grand Prix, Ferrari announced that the contract Kimi at Ferrari for 2010 will be disconnected. Kimi at Ferrari replaced the position of the Spanish hero who has become a double world champion who has actually been targeted by Ferrari since 2004, Fernando Alonso. [6] Felipe Massa himself certainly back in the 2010 season.[Edit] 2010-an
2010
Ferrari come up with a full Latin-flavored team in the 2010 season. Fernando Alonso (Spain) paired with Felipe Massa (Brazil). Look good in the race series opener in Bahrain with a 1-2 finish, the Ferrari was even featured oversized until mid-season. Middle of the 2010 season brought Ferrari's former McLaren, Pat Fry to strengthen their technical ranks to face F1 season in 2011. [56] In mid 2010 season, Ferrari were finally able to win the race back at the German Grand Prix with a 1-2 position for Fernando Alonso and Felipe Massa, although somewhat less controversial because it gives Massa leading position for Alonso. Subsequently three other victories achieved by Ferrari in Italy, Singapore, and South Korea through the hands of Fernando Alonso. Ferrari team who previously dropped in the 2009 season finally got up slowly and managed to finish in the constructors' championship season in 2010 Q3. Meanwhile, Fernando Alonso managed to finish as runner-up standings with 252 points.Beginning in 2011, Ferrari crew then make the turn on their management team. Position Chris Dyer (the person responsible for the wrong strategy in Abu Dhabi GP [57]) was replaced by Pat Fry. [58] Meanwhile Neil Martin brought in from Red Bull Racing to help Fry handle the race strategy. [59] While appearing promising during pre-season testing session, Ferrari have started the 2011 season poorly and they were only able to reach the podium first merema in Turkey. [60] As a result of this failure of the team then remodel some technical division with Aldo Costa is replaced Pat Fry. Positive results are seen when Fernando Alonso finally able to win the race in the UK. [61] Entering the end of the 2011 season, Ferrari promises to make innovative cars for the 2012 season. One of the steps taken by surprise by pulling back the Ferrari's Rory Byrne as a consultant to help aerodynamics Pat Fry and Nicholas Tombazis design cars of 2012

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